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Medium · Probability & Combinatorics · Numerical · ~6 min · #55

A Fair Flip from a Biased Coin

Real interview · Jane Street, Akuna Capital

A coin lands heads with probability 13\tfrac13. Describe a procedure that uses it to produce an event with probability exactly 12\tfrac12.

Using the standard pairing procedure (flip twice; HT means "yes", TH means "no", otherwise repeat), what is the expected total number of flips?

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Worked solution

Give the problem an honest attempt first, then reveal the full explanation.

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